The Napoleonic wars featured a series of conflicts between the French Empire and its allies, led by Napoleon Bonapart, against various European states. They were large-scale attacks on European adversaries and led to a period of French domination in Europe. Though a treaty was signed in 1814 to end the conflicts, and Napoleon was exiled to Elba, he managed to escape and reentered France and regained rule for a period of 100 days.

Finally, however, Napoleon Bonapart was defeated once again and convinced to abdicate for the 2nd time; King Louis XVIII was restored as ruler of France.  The ongoing fighting officially ended on November 20th, 1815, with the signing of the Treaty of Paris of 1815, or “The Second Treaty of Paris.”

Fun Facts about The Second Treaty of Paris:

• The Second Treaty of Paris was much harsher against France than the first one because of the concern for the amount of support for Napoleon Bonapart in France.
• France was ordered to pay 700 million francs as a fine for the war crimes; an additional fee was demanded of France to help in the defensive fortification of Coalition countries.
• Austria, Great Britain, Prussia, and Russia were involved in the Paris peace treaty; additionally, a separate agreement was signed to confirm the neutrality of Switzerland.
• The 1815 Paris Treaty saw Napoleon surrender his seat in French governance; this was the second time he had done this.
• This treaty was drafted fully in French, a lingua franca, a bridge or a common language between the members involved.