On January 29, 1919, the United States made a momentous decision by ratifying the Eighteenth Amendment, a pivotal event that heralded the era of Prohibition. This constitutional amendment, which you may have encountered in your studies, effectively banned the manufacture, sale, and transportation of intoxicating liquors within the country.
Throughout the 19th and early 20th centuries, temperance-focused organizations played a significant role in shaping American society. They tirelessly advocated for reducing or eliminating alcohol consumption, citing moral, health, and social concerns for the community at large.
In December 1917, Congress proposed the Eighteenth Amendment, reflecting temperance advocates’ growing influence. The amendment required ratification by three-fourths of the states to become law.
Ratification Process
- State Approvals: The amendment swiftly gained support, with the necessary number of states ratifying it by January 16, 1919.
- Official Certification: On January 29, 1919, Acting Secretary of State Frank L. Polk certified the ratification, officially adding the Eighteenth Amendment to the Constitution.
- Effective Date: The amendment stipulated one year before taking effect, leading to the commencement of Prohibition on January 17, 1920.
Key Provisions of the Eighteenth Amendment
- Section 1: Prohibited the manufacture, sale, or transportation of intoxicating liquors for beverage purposes within the United States and its territories.
- Section 2: Granted Congress and the state’s concurrent power to enforce the amendment through appropriate legislation.
The Twenty-First Amendment was proposed and ratified on December 5, 1933, repealing the Eighteenth Amendment and officially ending Prohibition.
The ratification of the Eighteenth Amendment on January 29, 1919, marked a significant turning point in American history. It reflected societal values and the complexities involved in regulating personal behavior. The subsequent challenges and eventual repeal of the amendment highlight the dynamic nature of constitutional law and public policy.